Ramin Cahanb\u0259yli<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Q\u0259dim yunanlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259nin ixtira edilm\u0259sind\u0259n iyirmi be\u015f \u0259srd\u0259n \u00e7ox vaxt ke\u00e7ib v\u0259 b\u0259\u015f\u0259riyy\u0259t h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 azadl\u0131q, \u0259dal\u0259t, sevgi, \u00f6l\u00fcm, \u0259b\u0259dilik v\u0259 varl\u0131q kimi f\u0259ls\u0259fi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olma\u011fa davam edir. Daha da \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tlisi is\u0259, “F\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 n\u0259dir?” sual\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fc f\u0259ls\u0259fi bir suald\u0131r v\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif f\u0259ls\u0259fi yana\u015fmalar\u0131 \u0259hat\u0259 edir. \u015e\u00fcbh\u0259siz ki, f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 h\u0259r bir sivilizasiyan\u0131n v\u0259 b\u0259\u015f\u0259r tarixinin h\u0259r bir d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fcn x\u00fcsusi \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful oldu\u011fu bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259 v\u0259 sualverm\u0259 t\u0259rzidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ba\u015fqa s\u00f6zl\u0259, f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 \u00e7oxluq t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259n v\u0259 tarixi bir m\u0259zmuna<\/strong> malikdir. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259, f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 il\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olmaq, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259nin tarixi v\u0259 ya tarixd\u0259ki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259 haqq\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u0259k dem\u0259kdir. B\u0259s bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259 tarixi nec\u0259 formala\u015f\u0131b v\u0259 hans\u0131 eni\u015f-yoxu\u015flardan ke\u00e7ib? Lakin \u0259b\u0259di v\u0259 ilkin m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olan f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 kimi bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259 t\u0259rzinin tarixi olmas\u0131 ziddiyy\u0259tli bir m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 deyilmi?<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu, \u0259srl\u0259r boyu filosoflar\u0131 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful ed\u0259n bir suald\u0131r. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, Heqel “F\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 Tarixi haqq\u0131nda M\u00fchazir\u0259l\u0259r” \u0259s\u0259rinin m\u00fcq\u0259ddim\u0259sind\u0259 yaz\u0131r: “F\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259nin m\u0259qs\u0259di \u0259b\u0259di olan\u0131<\/strong> d\u0259rk etm\u0259kdir… Lakin tarix bir zamanlar m\u00f6vcud olmu\u015f v\u0259 ba\u015fqa bir zamanda itirilmi\u015f \u015feyd\u0259n b\u0259hs edir.” Maraql\u0131d\u0131r ki, Heqelin b\u0259hs etdiyi bu ziddiyy\u0259t f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 tarixinin \u00fczl\u0259\u015fdiyi d\u0259rin bir m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259dir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bir t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n, Heqel kimi filosoflar Sokratdan alman idealizmin\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259nin gedi\u015fat\u0131n\u0131 tarixd\u0259ki ilahi a\u011f\u0131l prosesin\u0259 uy\u011fun g\u0259l\u0259n fenoloji v\u0259 m\u0259ntiqi bir inki\u015faf kimi n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259n ke\u00e7irirl\u0259r. Dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n is\u0259, Ni\u00e7e v\u0259 Haydeqqer, daha sonralar is\u0259 postmodern v\u0259 dekonstruktivist filosoflar bunu nihilizm (he\u00e7lik), varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n unudulmas\u0131<\/strong> v\u0259 ya t\u0259nqidi a\u011fl\u0131n t\u0259n\u0259zz\u00fcl\u00fc kimi qeyd edirl\u0259r. H\u0259r bir halda, elm tarixind\u0259n f\u0259rqli olaraq, f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 tarixi ideya v\u0259 fikirl\u0259rin d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f meydan\u0131<\/strong> hesab edil\u0259 bil\u0259r ki, burada “d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u0259k”<\/strong> kateqoriyas\u0131 “t\u0259r\u0259qqi”<\/strong> elementind\u0259n daha vacib g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. \u00c7\u00fcnki burada \u0259sas m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 indinin ke\u00e7mi\u015f \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fcy\u00fc deyil, h\u0259qiq\u0259tin yalandan ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 anlay\u0131\u015flarla d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u0259 t\u0259rzidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n XX \u0259srin iki frans\u0131z filosofu Deleuze v\u0259 Guattari’y\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 anlay\u0131\u015flar yaratmaq, icad etm\u0259k v\u0259 qurmaq s\u0259n\u0259tidir<\/strong>. Ba\u015fqa s\u00f6zl\u0259, f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259, m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n bir tarixi v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259 \u00f6z d\u00f6vrl\u0259rinin m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rini yeni anlay\u0131\u015flar v\u0259 ya k\u00f6hn\u0259 anlay\u0131\u015flara yeni bax\u0131\u015f t\u0259rzi il\u0259 formala\u015fd\u0131ran v\u0259 izah ed\u0259n m\u00fct\u0259f\u0259kkirl\u0259rin s\u0259yidir. Bu m\u0259nada, h\u0259r bir yeni f\u0259ls\u0259fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259nin qurulmas\u0131 v\u0259 ixtiras\u0131 \u0259vv\u0259lki bax\u0131\u015f v\u0259 anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131n bir n\u00f6v struktursuzla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 (dekonstruksiyas\u0131)<\/strong> il\u0259 m\u00fc\u015fayi\u0259t olunur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Burada biz filosofun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259 tarixi il\u0259 struktursuzla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 dialoqu<\/strong> v\u0259 Kant m\u0259nas\u0131nda “t\u0259nqid” (s\u0259nci\u015f\/n\u0259qd) anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sl m\u0259nas\u0131 il\u0259 \u00fcz-\u00fcz\u0259 qal\u0131r\u0131q.<\/p>\n\n\n\n F\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259nin k\u00fctl\u0259vi populyar olmamas\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rind\u0259n biri b\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259 onun t\u0259nqidi v\u0259 sualverici mahiyy\u0259tidir<\/strong> ki, bu da sofistl\u0259ri, populistl\u0259ri v\u0259 despotlar\u0131 narahat edir v\u0259 qa\u00e7ma\u011fa m\u0259cbur edir. Amerikal\u0131 m\u00fct\u0259f\u0259kkir Con Dyuinin s\u00f6zl\u0259ri il\u0259 des\u0259k, “H\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u0259n h\u0259m u\u011fursuzluqlar\u0131ndan, h\u0259m d\u0259 u\u011furlar\u0131ndan d\u0259rs al\u0131r.” Lakin istibdad f\u0259ls\u0259fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259d\u0259n f\u0259rqli olaraq, \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259n uza\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 \u00f6z \u0259ksini g\u00f6rm\u0259 qabiliyy\u0259tin\u0259 malik deyil, \u00e7\u00fcnki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u0259k c\u0259sar\u0259ti yoxdur. Halbuki f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259nin metafizik mahiyy\u0259ti bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259 c\u0259sar\u0259tind\u0259<\/strong> c\u0259ml\u0259\u015fir ki, elm, din, inc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259t v\u0259 h\u0259tta b\u0259\u015f\u0259r tarixind\u0259n k\u0259narda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u0259k v\u0259 sual verm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n El\u0259 buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 \u015eopenhauer insan\u0131 “metafizik heyvan<\/strong>” adland\u0131r\u0131r ki, f\u0259ls\u0259fi sualverm\u0259 qabiliyy\u0259tin\u0259 malik olduqda h\u0259r g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00fcnd\u0259lik i\u015fl\u0259rin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 \u0259b\u0259di t\u0259\u0259cc\u00fcb v\u0259 heyr\u0259tl\u0259 ba\u015flaya bil\u0259r. Bu bax\u0131mdan, “Filosof kimdir?” v\u0259 “F\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 n\u0259dir?” suallar\u0131 Kant\u0131n “\u0130nsan kimdir?” sual\u0131 il\u0259 m\u00fc\u015fayi\u0259t olunur. Bu sual\u0131n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif d\u00f6vrl\u0259rin filosoflar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczl\u0259\u015fdiyi \u0259sas sual oldu\u011funu dem\u0259k h\u0259qiq\u0259td\u0259n uzaq deyil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kant\u0131n f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259y\u0259, x\u00fcsus\u0259n d\u0259 \u00f6z f\u0259ls\u0259fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259sin\u0259, Maarif\u00e7iliy\u0259<\/strong> dair tarixi \u015f\u00fcurunun m\u0259rk\u0259zind\u0259 bu sual\u0131n \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 insan\u0131n muxtariyy\u0259t (\u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259q\u0259rarverm\u0259)<\/strong> prinsipin\u0259 qoyur. Bu, insan\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn t\u0259tbiq etdiyi azya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131qdan<\/strong> v\u0259 ya q\u0259yyumluqdan \u00e7\u0131xmas\u0131 v\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u0259 c\u0259sar\u0259tidir<\/strong>. Bu sual\u0131n qoyulmas\u0131 v\u0259 x\u00fcsus\u0259n d\u0259 Kant\u0131n cavab\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u015fqa bir suala \u00e7at\u0131r\u0131q: “D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u0259 c\u0259sar\u0259ti nec\u0259 hikm\u0259t\u0259 v\u0259 m\u00fcdrikliy\u0259 \u00e7atmaq s\u0259yidir.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n “Hikm\u0259t\u0259 sevgi” (Philosophia) filosofun \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc v\u0259 d\u00fcnyan\u0131 d\u0259rk etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259vaz\u00f6kar v\u0259 \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259siz ki, natamam f\u0259aliyy\u0259tidir<\/strong>. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259, bu f\u0259aliyy\u0259t \u0259qli v\u0259 dialektik bir s\u0259ydir, buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 Lui Althusserin dediyi kimi, f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 “n\u0259z\u0259ri praksis”dir. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 hikm\u0259t\u0259 \u00e7atmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir \u0259m\u0259l v\u0259 s\u0259ydir<\/strong>, baxmayaraq ki, hikm\u0259t olduqda f\u0259ls\u0259fi sual\u0131n art\u0131q m\u0259nas\u0131 qalm\u0131r. Dem\u0259li, bir n\u00f6v f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 \u0259ld\u0259 edilm\u0259y\u0259n, lakin s\u0259y g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259y\u0259 v\u0259 yolu getm\u0259y\u0259 d\u0259y\u0259r olan bir \u015fey \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u0259 v\u0259 ya\u015famaq t\u0259rzidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259 buna g\u00f6r\u0259 f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 h\u0259qiq\u0259ti axtarmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir s\u0259ydir. \u00c7\u00fcnki filosoflar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259qiq\u0259t ona yax\u0131nla\u015fd\u0131qca bizd\u0259n uzaqla\u015fan bir \u00fcf\u00fcq kimidir. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259, f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259nin h\u0259qiq\u0259ti h\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259 \u00e7atmamaqdad\u0131r<\/strong>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Ramin Cahanb\u0259yli Q\u0259dim yunanlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259nin ixtira edilm\u0259sind\u0259n iyirmi be\u015f \u0259srd\u0259n \u00e7ox vaxt ke\u00e7ib v\u0259 b\u0259\u015f\u0259riyy\u0259t h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 azadl\u0131q, \u0259dal\u0259t, sevgi, \u00f6l\u00fcm, \u0259b\u0259dilik v\u0259 varl\u0131q kimi f\u0259ls\u0259fi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olma\u011fa davam edir. Daha da \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tlisi is\u0259, “F\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 n\u0259dir?” sual\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fc f\u0259ls\u0259fi bir suald\u0131r v\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif f\u0259ls\u0259fi yana\u015fmalar\u0131 \u0259hat\u0259 edir. \u015e\u00fcbh\u0259siz ki, f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 h\u0259r bir sivilizasiyan\u0131n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":829,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_locale":"az","_original_post":"https:\/\/anlamtv.com\/?p=828","custom_author_name":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[44,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-828","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analysis","category-1","az"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/anlamtv.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/828","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/anlamtv.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/anlamtv.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/anlamtv.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/anlamtv.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=828"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/anlamtv.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/828\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":830,"href":"https:\/\/anlamtv.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/828\/revisions\/830"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/anlamtv.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/829"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/anlamtv.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=828"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/anlamtv.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=828"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/anlamtv.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=828"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}