{"id":891,"date":"2025-10-14T03:01:17","date_gmt":"2025-10-13T23:31:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/anlamtv.com\/?p=891"},"modified":"2025-10-14T03:01:18","modified_gmt":"2025-10-13T23:31:18","slug":"ozumuz-ucun-dusunm%c9%99k","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/anlamtv.com\/az\/ozumuz-ucun-dusunm%c9%99k\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00d6z\u00fcm\u00fcz \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u0259k"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Alain de Botton<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sokrat biz\u0259 t\u0259kc\u0259 ba\u015fqalar\u0131n\u0131n fikirl\u0259rinin x\u0259tal\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259kl\u0259 qalm\u0131r, h\u0259m d\u0259 n\u0259yin do\u011fru oldu\u011funa \u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcz q\u0259rar ver\u0259k dey\u0259, b\u0259sit bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f metodu da t\u0259klif edir. \u00c7ox az sayda filosof d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u0259r\u0259k ya\u015fama\u011fa ba\u015flamaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bu q\u0259d\u0259r az \u015fey\u0259 ehtiyac oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sokrata g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u0259r\u0259k ya\u015famaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ill\u0259r boyunca t\u0259hsil alma\u011fa v\u0259 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 bo\u015f zamana sahib olma\u011f\u0131m\u0131za g\u0259r\u0259k yoxdur. B\u0259lli bir m\u00f6vzuya qar\u015f\u0131 maraq duyan, zehnind\u0259ki da\u015flar\u0131 yerli-yerind\u0259 nizamlam\u0131\u015f v\u0259 a\u011flauy\u011fun oldu\u011fu iddia edil\u0259n bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259ni g\u00f6zd\u0259n ke\u00e7irm\u0259k ist\u0259y\u0259n h\u0259r k\u0259s, Sokrat\u0131n bu metodunu t\u0259tbiq ed\u0259r\u0259k, k\u00fc\u00e7\u0259d\u0259 yeriy\u0259rk\u0259n bir dostuyla h\u0259min m\u00f6vzuda s\u00f6hb\u0259t\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131b, yar\u0131m saatdan da q\u0131sa bir zaman i\u00e7ind\u0259c\u0259 bir ya da iki t\u0259sirli, m\u0259ntiqli q\u0259na\u0259t \u0259ld\u0259 ed\u0259 bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sokrat\u0131n, h\u0259r k\u0259s t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n do\u011fru hesab olunan ideyalar\u0131 sor\u011fulamaq metoduna, Platonun q\u0259l\u0259m\u0259 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 dialoqlarda rast g\u0259l\u0259 bil\u0259rik. Bu metodun \u0259sas x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259ti dialoq boyunca tutarl\u0131 m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 ir\u0259lil\u0259m\u0259kdir v\u0259 \u0259slind\u0259 bu metodu, yem\u0259k reseptl\u0259rin\u0259 v\u0259 b\u0259l\u0259d\u00e7i kitablara xas olan b\u0259sit dill\u0259 rahat \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 ifad\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k, h\u0259r k\u0259sin bizd\u0259n q\u0259bul etm\u0259yimizi ist\u0259diyi v\u0259 daxil\u0259n qar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131xmaq ist\u0259diyimiz d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259l\u0259ri yanl\u0131\u015flamaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259tbiq ed\u0259 bil\u0259rik. Bunu h\u0259yata ke\u00e7ir\u0259rk\u0259n filosofa qar\u015f\u0131 haqs\u0131zl\u0131q etdiyimizi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u0259yimiz\u0259 g\u0259r\u0259k yoxdur. Bu metoda g\u00f6r\u0259, bir ifad\u0259nin, ideyan\u0131n do\u011fru olub-olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn, bu ifad\u0259nin \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259t t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n q\u0259bul edilib-edilm\u0259diyin\u0259 ya da \u00f6n\u0259mli insanlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t boyunca m\u0259nims\u0259nmi\u015f, t\u0259sdiql\u0259nmi\u015f olub-olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na diqq\u0259t etm\u0259yimiz\u0259 g\u0259r\u0259k yoxdur. Do\u011fru ifad\u0259 \u2013 m\u0259ntiqi ziddiyy\u0259t\u0259 yol a\u00e7mayan ifad\u0259dir. \u018fg\u0259r \u0259ksini isbatlamaq m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyils\u0259, bir ifad\u0259 do\u011fru q\u0259bul edilir. \u018fg\u0259r \u0259ksi isbatlana bil\u0259rs\u0259, bu ifad\u0259yl\u0259 ir\u0259li s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u0259n bir d\u00fcnyag\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u0259 inananlar\u0131n say \u00e7oxlu\u011funa r\u0259\u011fm\u0259n, ifad\u0259 yanl\u0131\u015f olacaq v\u0259 onunla ba\u011fl\u0131 \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259y\u0259 qap\u0131lmaqla haql\u0131 davranm\u0131\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131q.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sokrat\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u0259 metoduna dair bir \u00f6rn\u0259k:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1. Ortaq a\u011fla uy\u011fun olan, \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259t t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n do\u011fru say\u0131lan h\u0259r hans\u0131 bir yana\u015fman\u0131 ifad\u0259 ed\u0259n ideya se\u00e7in. \u00d6rn\u0259yi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u0259sar\u0259t sava\u015f zaman\u0131 geri \u00e7\u0259kilm\u0259m\u0259kdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u018frd\u0259mli olmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn z\u0259ngin olma\u011fa g\u0259r\u0259k var.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2. Bu fikirl\u0259ri s\u00f6yl\u0259y\u0259n insan\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcv\u0259nini v\u0259 dediyi s\u00f6zl\u0259rin do\u011frulu\u011funa duydu\u011fu q\u0259ti inam\u0131 bir m\u00fcdd\u0259tlik k\u0259nara qoyun v\u0259 bu fikirl\u0259rin yanl\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu f\u0259rz edin. V\u0259 bu fikirl\u0259rin do\u011fru say\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131 durumlar, hallar ya da kontekstl\u0259r tapma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131n v\u0259 sor\u011fulay\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00d6rn\u0259yi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bir insan sava\u015f zaman\u0131 geri \u00e7\u0259kilm\u0259sin\u0259 r\u0259\u011fm\u0259n c\u0259sur ola bil\u0259rmi?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bir insan sava\u015f meydan\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259rk etm\u0259m\u0259sin\u0259 r\u0259\u011fm\u0259n c\u0259sar\u0259tsiz ola bil\u0259rmi?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bir insan pulu oldu\u011fu halda \u0259rd\u0259msiz ola bil\u0259rmi?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bir insan pulsuz oldu\u011fu halda \u0259rd\u0259mli ola bil\u0259rmi?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3. \u018fg\u0259r bu sor\u011fulama \u0259sas\u0131nda h\u0259r hans\u0131 bir istisna hal tapa bils\u0259niz, dem\u0259k ki, bu fikirl\u0259rd\u0259 yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131q ya da \u0259n az\u0131ndan \u0259skiklik var.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dem\u0259li:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bir insan\u0131n, c\u0259sur oldu\u011fu halda sava\u015f meydan\u0131ndan geri \u00e7\u0259kilm\u0259si m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bir insan\u0131n, sava\u015f meydan\u0131ndan geri \u00e7\u0259kilm\u0259diyi halda c\u0259sar\u0259tsiz olmas\u0131 da m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bir insan\u0131n, pulu oldu\u011fu halda saxtakar\u0131n \u0259n pisi olmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bir insan\u0131n, pulsuz oldu\u011fu halda \u0259rd\u0259mli olmas\u0131 da m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4. \u0130ndi is\u0259, \u0259vv\u0259ld\u0259 istifad\u0259 etdiyiniz fikirl\u0259r\u0259 n\u00fcanslar \u0259lav\u0259 etm\u0259li v\u0259 bu ifad\u0259l\u0259ri, \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 istisnalar\u0131 da ehtiva ed\u0259c\u0259k bi\u00e7imd\u0259 formala\u015fd\u0131rmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00d6rn\u0259yi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bir insan, sava\u015f zaman\u0131 h\u0259m ir\u0259lil\u0259y\u0259r\u0259k, h\u0259m d\u0259 geri \u00e7\u0259kil\u0259r\u0259k c\u0259sar\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259 bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pulu olanlar, ancaq bu pulu \u0259rd\u0259mli yollarla qazanacaqlar\u0131 t\u0259qdird\u0259 \u0259rd\u0259mli hesab oluna bil\u0259rl\u0259r. Pulu olmayanlarsa, \u0259g\u0259r \u0259rd\u0259mli ola-ola pul qazanma\u011f\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259r alt\u0131nda ya\u015fay\u0131rlarsa v\u0259 \u0259rd\u0259mli qalma\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7irl\u0259rs\u0259, dem\u0259li h\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259n \u0259rd\u0259mlidil\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5. \u018fg\u0259r t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fdirdiyiniz ifad\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 ba\u015fqa istisnalar da tapsan\u0131z, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f prosesini yenil\u0259yin. \u018fksini isbat ed\u0259 bilm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259yimiz ifad\u0259l\u0259r do\u011fru ifad\u0259l\u0259rdi; \u0259lb\u0259tt\u0259, \u0259g\u0259r insan \u00f6vlad\u0131n\u0131n bu c\u00fcr bir h\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259 yetm\u0259si m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcs\u0259..F\u0259q\u0259t insan, bir ideyan\u0131n v\u0259 n\u0259sn\u0259nin m\u0259hz n\u0259 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259rk etm\u0259kl\u0259, onun n\u0259 oldu\u011funu bildir\u0259c\u0259k dol\u011fun bilgiy\u0259 yax\u0131nla\u015fa bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6. Aristofan\u0131n \u00f6rt\u00fck alt\u0131ndan ifad\u0259 etm\u0259k ist\u0259dikl\u0259ri n\u0259 olarsa olsun, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259nin q\u0259na\u0259tl\u0259ri, sezginin q\u0259na\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n daha \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u018flb\u0259tt\u0259, f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259yl\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olmadan da do\u011fru q\u0259na\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7atmaq m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fc. Sokrat\u0131n metodunu t\u0259tbiq etm\u0259s\u0259k d\u0259, pulsuz insanlar\u0131n h\u0259m pul qazan\u0131b, h\u0259m \u0259rd\u0259mli qalma\u011f\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259r alt\u0131nda \u0259rd\u0259mli qalma\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7dikl\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259rd\u0259mli insanlar olduqlar\u0131n\u0131n ya da bir insan\u0131n sava\u015f meydan\u0131ndan geri \u00e7\u0259kilm\u0259sin\u0259 r\u0259\u011fm\u0259n c\u0259sur oldu\u011funun f\u0259rqin\u0259 vara bil\u0259rik. Ancaq o zaman da, b\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259 biziml\u0259 eyni fikird\u0259 olmayanlara nec\u0259 cavab verm\u0259yi bacarmar\u0131q. V\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259, \u00e7evr\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 n\u00fcfuz sahibi olan insanlar da \u0259rd\u0259mli olmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn pulun q\u0259ti \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 z\u0259ruri oldu\u011fu ya da sava\u015fda geri \u00e7\u0259kil\u0259n insanlar\u0131n feminin oldu\u011fu bar\u0259d\u0259 israr edib bizi susdurarlar. Biz\u0259 g\u00fcc qazand\u0131racaq \u0259ks-arqumentl\u0259rd\u0259n (\u00f6rn\u0259yi, Plateya sava\u015f\u0131 yaxud \u0259xlaq\u0131 bax\u0131mdan \u00e7\u00f6km\u00fc\u015f bir c\u0259miyy\u0259tin z\u0259nginliyi) m\u0259hrumuqsa, boynumuzu b\u00fck\u0259r\u0259k &#8220;M\u0259nc\u0259, m\u0259n haql\u0131yam\u201d dem\u0259kd\u0259n ba\u015fqa \u00e7ar\u0259miz olmaz. T\u0259bii, g\u00f6zl\u0259nildiyi kimi haql\u0131 oldu\u011fumuzu da \u0259sla s\u00fcbut ed\u0259 bilm\u0259rik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sokrata g\u00f6r\u0259, bir insan, zehnind\u0259ki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259nin do\u011fru oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrs\u0259, lakin h\u0259min d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259y\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 ir\u0259li s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u0259n etirazlara m\u0259ntiqli \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 cavab ver\u0259c\u0259k \u015f\u00fcurdan m\u0259hrumdusa, bu insan\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259si &#8220;do\u011fru r\u0259ydir\u201d. Sokrat bilgini &#8220;do\u011fru r\u0259yd\u0259n\u201dd\u0259n \u00fcst\u00fcn tutur. \u00c7\u00fcnki, bilgi sahibi olmaq t\u0259kc\u0259 bir n\u0259sn\u0259 v\u0259 ideyan\u0131n n\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn do\u011fru oldu\u011funu bilm\u0259k deyil, eyni zamanda da dig\u0259r ideya variantlar\u0131n\u0131n, yana\u015fmalar\u0131n n\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yanl\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu da bilm\u0259k dem\u0259kdir. Filosof do\u011frular\u0131n bu iki bi\u00e7imini b\u00f6y\u00fck heyk\u0259ltara\u015f Dadalusun g\u00f6z\u0259l heyk\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259n \u00f6rn\u0259k g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259r\u0259k a\u00e7\u0131qlay\u0131r. \u0130ntuisiya yoluyla \u0259ld\u0259 edil\u0259n do\u011frular, pyedestal \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 h\u0259r hans\u0131 bir d\u0259st\u0259k istifad\u0259 etm\u0259d\u0259n oturdulmu\u015f heyk\u0259l\u0259 b\u0259nz\u0259yir. S\u0259rt \u0259s\u0259n k\u00fcl\u0259k bu heyk\u0259lin a\u015fmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b ola bil\u0259r. Ancaq \u0259ld\u0259 etdiyimiz q\u0259na\u0259tin s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rini v\u0259 ona qar\u015f\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u0259n\u0259c\u0259k arqumentl\u0259ri bils\u0259k, bu do\u011fru r\u0259yi d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259yib onu daha da g\u00fccl\u0259ndirmi\u015f olar\u0131q. O zaman bu do\u011fru m\u00f6vqe tell\u0259rin k\u00f6m\u0259kliyil\u0259 yer\u0259 ba\u011flan\u0131b, sabitl\u0259nmi\u015f heyk\u0259l\u0259 b\u0259nz\u0259y\u0259c\u0259k. Q\u0131sacas\u0131, Sokrat\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u0259 metodu say\u0259sind\u0259 biz d\u0259 \u00f6z d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259l\u0259rimizi yarad\u0131b ir\u0259li s\u00fcr\u0259 bil\u0259r, f\u0131rt\u0131nayla qar\u015f\u0131la\u015fsaq bel\u0259, \u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc g\u00fcv\u0259n i\u00e7ind\u0259 hiss ed\u0259 bil\u0259rik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bilge.az<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Alain de Botton Sokrat biz\u0259 t\u0259kc\u0259 ba\u015fqalar\u0131n\u0131n fikirl\u0259rinin x\u0259tal\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259kl\u0259 qalm\u0131r, h\u0259m d\u0259 n\u0259yin do\u011fru oldu\u011funa \u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcz<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":887,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_locale":"az","_original_post":"https:\/\/anlamtv.com\/?p=891","footnotes":""},"categories":[61],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-891","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-thought","az"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/anlamtv.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/891","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/anlamtv.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/anlamtv.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/anlamtv.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/anlamtv.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=891"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/anlamtv.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/891\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":892,"href":"https:\/\/anlamtv.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/891\/revisions\/892"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/anlamtv.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/887"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/anlamtv.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=891"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/anlamtv.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=891"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/anlamtv.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=891"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}